Hi,

How to make sure in transient simulations that e.g. momentum, turbulence, energy or scalar equations are sufficiently convergenced !? And what to do if it seems that they are not ?

Thanks

(1). Very good question. (2). The answer is : I don't know. (3). I think, the real solution of transient problem changes from time to time, and problem to problem. (4). If you have analytical solution of an oscillating plate, then, it is possible to know whether the simulation is converged for each time step. But ,in general, it is not easy to find out whether the solution is converged for each time step. (5). At the same time, you could change the number of inner loop iterations, or even the mesh arrangement and density, to see how the solution react to these changes. (6). In the explicit methods, reducing the time step is the only way to improve the accuracy.(converge to real transient solution) (7). In implicit methods, I guess, you could also reduce the time step to improve the convergence and accuracy of the solution. (8).On the other hands, if the mesh is fixed, and the flow field is changing rapidly, then I guess, you will always have some kind of convergence problem.(in addition to the accuracy problem.)

Hi,

if one has made grid independency as well as time step independency checks, how should one then charge for the convergence for each equation during each time step ?

Convergence is a very difficult parameter to quantify. The two parameters to watch closely in the star.info file are the PISO corrections and the CORRAUNT number.

The PISO corrections are the number of inner loops that John mentioned. They should be between 3 and 5 for a stable solution. If they are big, the time step should be reduced.

The CORRAUNT number is the number of cells a molecule passes through in a time step. Values from 10 to 100 are reasonable.

If these two numbers are reasonable, you should be fairly confident that each iteration is converging.