[MOHAMMAD67]

Dear Foamers
Hi
Recently, all of my simulations were blown out after 1 or 2 seconds. I use combination of hexahedral and tetrahedron meshes (hybrid meshes). Is the blowing out related to this? I checkmeshed and every thing is ok. Before that I used netgen3d for meshing and I didn't have any problem.
After a lot of run, I believe that the problem definitely arise from the meshing. But I don't know how to deal with it.

[nimasam]

Hi dear mohamad
1) print out your checkMesh result here

2) print out the result, your solver name, your openFoam version

3) fvSchemes and fvSolution

however generally OpenFOAM solvers can be applied in polyhedral mesh (tet,hex or ...), so it should not be the main cause of error, however ever solver is sensitive to mesh quality, with bad mesh quality, it may diverge

[MOHAMMAD67]

Dear Nima
Thanks for your reply, Here is the details:
I use interfoam solver and openfoam version2.0.1.

CheckMesh:

PHP Code:

Create polyMesh for time = 0

Time = 0

Mesh stats
    points:           186804
    faces:            568825
    internal faces:   543063
    cells:            192523
    boundary patches: 4
    point zones:      0
    face zones:       0
    cell zones:       1

Overall number of cells of each type:
    hexahedra:     170352
    prisms:        0
    wedges:        0
    pyramids:      1092
    tet wedges:    0
    tetrahedra:    21079
    polyhedra:     0

Checking topology...
    Boundary definition OK.
    Cell to face addressing OK.
    Point usage OK.
    Upper triangular ordering OK.
    Face vertices OK.
    Number of regions: 1 (OK).

Checking patch topology for multiply connected surfaces ...
    Patch               Faces    Points   Surface topology                  
    w-inlet             20       18       ok (non-closed singly connected)  
    atmosphere          4102     4260     ok (non-closed singly connected)  
    walls               20548    19083    ok (non-closed singly connected)  
    outlet              1092     1161     ok (non-closed singly connected)  

Checking geometry...
    Overall domain bounding box (-1.99 0 0) (2.5 0.59 0.4)
    Mesh (non-empty, non-wedge) directions (1 1 1)
    Mesh (non-empty) directions (1 1 1)
    Boundary openness (2.80826e-16 -3.51094e-16 3.21826e-18) OK.
    Max cell openness = 2.80998e-16 OK.
    Max aspect ratio = 66.5297 OK.
    Minumum face area = 7.67913e-07. Maximum face area = 0.00374992.  Face area magnitudes OK.
    Min volume = 5.33454e-10. Max volume = 7.40262e-05.  Total volume = 0.645098.  Cell volumes OK.
    Mesh non-orthogonality Max: 85.305 average: 7.74448
   *Number of severely non-orthogonal faces: 405.
    Non-orthogonality check OK.
  <<Writing 405 non-orthogonal faces to set nonOrthoFaces
    Face pyramids OK.
    Max skewness = 1.64137 OK.

Mesh OK.

End 


Fvscheme:

PHP Code:

ddtSchemes
{
    default         Euler;
}

gradSchemes
{
    default         Gauss linear;
    grad(U)            faceMDLimited Gauss linear 0;
    grad(p)            faceMDLimited Gauss linear 0;
}

divSchemes
{
    div(rho*phi,U)  Gauss upwind;
    div(phi,alpha)  Gauss vanLeer01;
    div(phirb,alpha) Gauss interfaceCompression;
    div(phi,k)      Gauss upwind;
    div(phi,epsilon) Gauss upwind;

}

laplacianSchemes
{
        default        Gauss linear corrected;
}

interpolationSchemes
{
    default         linear;
}

snGradSchemes
{
    default         corrected;
}

fluxRequired
{
    default         no;
    p_rgh;
    pcorr;
    alpha;
} 


fvsolution:

PHP Code:

solvers
{
    pcorr
    {
        solver          GAMG;
        tolerance       1e-05;
        relTol          0.0;
        smoother        GaussSeidel;
        nPreSweeps      0;
        nPostSweeps     2;
        nFinestSweeps   2;
        cacheAgglomeration on;
        nCellsInCoarsestLevel 10;
        agglomerator    faceAreaPair;
        mergeLevels     1;
        maxIter         50;
    }

    p_rgh                               
    {
        solver          GAMG;
        tolerance       1e-05;          
        relTol          0.05;           
        smoother        GaussSeidel;
        nPreSweeps      0;
        nPostSweeps     2;
        nFinestSweeps   2;
        cacheAgglomeration on;
        nCellsInCoarsestLevel 10;
        agglomerator    faceAreaPair;
        mergeLevels     1;
    }

    p_rghFinal
    {
        solver          GAMG;
        tolerance       1e-06;
        relTol          0.0;
        smoother        GaussSeidel;
        nPreSweeps      0;
        nPostSweeps     2;
        nFinestSweeps   2;
        cacheAgglomeration on;
        nCellsInCoarsestLevel 10;
        agglomerator    faceAreaPair;
        mergeLevels     1;
        maxIter         50;
    }

    "(U|k|epsilon)"
    {
        solver          smoothSolver;
        smoother        GaussSeidel;
        tolerance       1e-5;
        relTol          0.01;
        nSweeps         1;
    }

    "(U|k|epsilon)Final"
    {
        solver          smoothSolver;
        smoother        GaussSeidel;
        tolerance       1e-5;
        relTol          0.01;
        nSweeps         1;
    }
}

PIMPLE
{    
    momentumPredictor no;
    nCorrectors     1;
    nNonOrthogonalCorrectors 1;
    nAlphaCorr      1;
    nAlphaSubCycles 1;
    cAlpha          1;
} 


Thanks in advance

[nimasam]

it seems ok and whats the solver output?

[MOHAMMAD67]

Here is the solver output:

PHP Code:

MULES: Solving for alpha1
Liquid phase volume fraction = 0.0330484  Min(alpha1) = -1.15748e-23  Max(alpha1) = 1
MULES: Solving for alpha1
Liquid phase volume fraction = 0.0330484  Min(alpha1) = -1.15048e-23  Max(alpha1) = 1
GAMG:  Solving for p_rgh, Initial residual = 0.201866, Final residual = 0.00856465, No Iterations 3
GAMG:  Solving for p_rgh, Initial residual = 0.209174, Final residual = 0.00630481, No Iterations 2
GAMG:  Solving for p_rgh, Initial residual = 0.173578, Final residual = 0.00635693, No Iterations 3
GAMG:  Solving for p_rgh, Initial residual = 0.152033, Final residual = 8.54373e-07, No Iterations 23
time step continuity errors : sum local = 1.25125e-13, global = -1.54146e-14, cumulative = 1.47964e-09
DILUPBiCG:  Solving for epsilon, Initial residual = 0.00134759, Final residual = 9.0678e-09, No Iterations 2
DILUPBiCG:  Solving for k, Initial residual = 2.46775e-12, Final residual = 2.46775e-12, No Iterations 0
ExecutionTime = 6962.9 s  ClockTime = 8418 s

Courant Number mean: 1.59301e-07 max: 1.05363
Interface Courant Number mean: 2.82136e-08 max: 0.665542
deltaT = 8.34841e-13
Time = 1.6333948505147

MULES: Solving for alpha1
Liquid phase volume fraction = 0.0330484  Min(alpha1) = -1.14338e-23  Max(alpha1) = 1
MULES: Solving for alpha1
Liquid phase volume fraction = 0.0330484  Min(alpha1) = -1.13629e-23  Max(alpha1) = 1
GAMG:  Solving for p_rgh, Initial residual = 0.203644, Final residual = 0.00866759, No Iterations 3
GAMG:  Solving for p_rgh, Initial residual = 0.208914, Final residual = 0.00638119, No Iterations 2
GAMG:  Solving for p_rgh, Initial residual = 0.175399, Final residual = 0.00646363, No Iterations 3
GAMG:  Solving for p_rgh, Initial residual = 0.15647, Final residual = 9.16554e-07, No Iterations 23
time step continuity errors : sum local = 1.3088e-13, global = -1.61591e-14, cumulative = 1.47963e-09
DILUPBiCG:  Solving for epsilon, Initial residual = 0.00138643, Final residual = 9.5623e-09, No Iterations 2
DILUPBiCG:  Solving for k, Initial residual = 2.72518e-12, Final residual = 2.72518e-12, No Iterations 0
ExecutionTime = 6965.43 s  ClockTime = 8423 s

Courant Number mean: 1.58469e-07 max: 1.04362
Interface Courant Number mean: 2.81469e-08 max: 0.663303
deltaT = 6.29306e-13
Time = 1.6333948505153

MULES: Solving for alpha1
Liquid phase volume fraction = 0.0330484  Min(alpha1) = -1.12914e-23  Max(alpha1) = 1
MULES: Solving for alpha1
Liquid phase volume fraction = 0.0330484  Min(alpha1) = -1.122e-23  Max(alpha1) = 1
GAMG:  Solving for p_rgh, Initial residual = 0.205891, Final residual = 0.00883203, No Iterations 3
GAMG:  Solving for p_rgh, Initial residual = 0.208221, Final residual = 0.00648681, No Iterations 2
GAMG:  Solving for p_rgh, Initial residual = 0.178515, Final residual = 0.00658447, No Iterations 3
GAMG:  Solving for p_rgh, Initial residual = 0.162664, Final residual = 9.85524e-07, No Iterations 23
time step continuity errors : sum local = 1.38197e-13, global = -1.7544e-14, cumulative = 1.47961e-09
DILUPBiCG:  Solving for epsilon, Initial residual = 0.00142635, Final residual = 2.52095e-11, No Iterations 3
DILUPBiCG:  Solving for k, Initial residual = 3.15238e-12, Final residual = 3.15238e-12, No Iterations 0
ExecutionTime = 6969.43 s  ClockTime = 8428 s

Courant Number mean: 1.57471e-07 max: 1.0371
Interface Courant Number mean: 2.80299e-08 max: 0.661185
deltaT = 4.75892e-13
Time = 1.6333948505158

MULES: Solving for alpha1
Liquid phase volume fraction = 0.0330484  Min(alpha1) = -1.11484e-23  Max(alpha1) = 1
MULES: Solving for alpha1
Liquid phase volume fraction = 0.0330484  Min(alpha1) = -1.10768e-23  Max(alpha1) = 1
GAMG:  Solving for p_rgh, Initial residual = 0.211674, Final residual = 0.00908677, No Iterations 3
GAMG:  Solving for p_rgh, Initial residual = 0.213446, Final residual = 0.00662337, No Iterations 2
GAMG:  Solving for p_rgh, Initial residual = 0.182018, Final residual = 0.00671829, No Iterations 3
GAMG:  Solving for p_rgh, Initial residual = 0.167692, Final residual = 6.68266e-07, No Iterations 24
time step continuity errors : sum local = 9.37782e-14, global = -1.39631e-14, cumulative = 1.4796e-09
DILUPBiCG:  Solving for epsilon, Initial residual = 0.00153278, Final residual = 2.84973e-11, No Iterations 3
DILUPBiCG:  Solving for k, Initial residual = 3.75016e-12, Final residual = 3.75016e-12, No Iterations 0
ExecutionTime = 6973.01 s  ClockTime = 8432 s

Courant Number mean: 1.57009e-07 max: 1.03355
Interface Courant Number mean: 2.84262e-08 max: 0.659437
deltaT = 3.60832e-13
Time = 1.6333948505162

MULES: Solving for alpha1
[0] #0  Foam::error::printStack(Foam::Ostream&) in "/opt/openfoam201/platforms/linux64GccDPOpt/lib/libOpenFOAM.so"
[0] #1  Foam::sigFpe::sigHandler(int) in "/opt/openfoam201/platforms/linux64GccDPOpt/lib/libOpenFOAM.so"
[0] #2   in "/lib/libc.so.6"
[0] #3  void Foam::MULES::limiter<Foam::geometricOneField, Foam::zeroField, Foam::zeroField>(Foam::Field<double>&, Foam::geometricOneField const&, Foam::GeometricField<double, Foam::fvPatchField, Foam::volMesh> const&, Foam::GeometricField<double, Foam::fvsPatchField, Foam::surfaceMesh> const&, Foam::GeometricField<double, Foam::fvsPatchField, Foam::surfaceMesh> const&, Foam::zeroField const&, Foam::zeroField const&, double, double, int) in "/opt/openfoam201/platforms/linux64GccDPOpt/lib/libfiniteVolume.so"
[0] #4  void Foam::MULES::explicitSolve<Foam::geometricOneField, Foam::zeroField, Foam::zeroField>(Foam::geometricOneField const&, Foam::GeometricField<double, Foam::fvPatchField, Foam::volMesh>&, Foam::GeometricField<double, Foam::fvsPatchField, Foam::surfaceMesh> const&, Foam::GeometricField<double, Foam::fvsPatchField, Foam::surfaceMesh>&, Foam::zeroField const&, Foam::zeroField const&, double, double) in "/opt/openfoam201/platforms/linux64GccDPOpt/lib/libfiniteVolume.so"
[0] #5  Foam::MULES::explicitSolve(Foam::GeometricField<double, Foam::fvPatchField, Foam::volMesh>&, Foam::GeometricField<double, Foam::fvsPatchField, Foam::surfaceMesh> const&, Foam::GeometricField<double, Foam::fvsPatchField, Foam::surfaceMesh>&, double, double) in "/opt/openfoam201/platforms/linux64GccDPOpt/lib/libfiniteVolume.so"
[0] #6  
[0]  in "/opt/openfoam201/platforms/linux64GccDPOpt/bin/interFoam"
[0] #7  __libc_start_main in "/lib/libc.so.6"
[0] #8  
[0]  in "/opt/openfoam201/platforms/linux64GccDPOpt/bin/interFoam"
[mohammad-laptop:06692] *** Process received signal ***
[mohammad-laptop:06692] Signal: Floating point exception (8)
[mohammad-laptop:06692] Signal code:  (-6)
[mohammad-laptop:06692] Failing at address: 0x3e800001a24
[mohammad-laptop:06692] [ 0] /lib/libc.so.6(+0x33af0) [0x7fe40823faf0]
[mohammad-laptop:06692] [ 1] /lib/libc.so.6(gsignal+0x35) [0x7fe40823fa75]
[mohammad-laptop:06692] [ 2] /lib/libc.so.6(+0x33af0) [0x7fe40823faf0]
[mohammad-laptop:06692] [ 3] /opt/openfoam201/platforms/linux64GccDPOpt/lib/libfiniteVolume.so(_ZN4Foam5MULES7limiterINS_17geometricOneFieldENS_9zeroFieldES3_EEvRNS_5FieldIdEERKT_RKNS_14GeometricFieldIdNS_12fvPatchFieldENS_7volMeshEEERKNSA_IdNS_13fvsPatchFieldENS_11surfaceMeshEEESK_RKT0_RKT1_ddi+0xe70) [0x7fe409d25da0]
[mohammad-laptop:06692] [ 4] /opt/openfoam201/platforms/linux64GccDPOpt/lib/libfiniteVolume.so(_ZN4Foam5MULES13explicitSolveINS_17geometricOneFieldENS_9zeroFieldES3_EEvRKT_RNS_14GeometricFieldIdNS_12fvPatchFieldENS_7volMeshEEERKNS7_IdNS_13fvsPatchFieldENS_11surfaceMeshEEERSE_RKT0_RKT1_dd+0x271) [0x7fe409d2d6e1]
[mohammad-laptop:06692] [ 5] /opt/openfoam201/platforms/linux64GccDPOpt/lib/libfiniteVolume.so(_ZN4Foam5MULES13explicitSolveERNS_14GeometricFieldIdNS_12fvPatchFieldENS_7volMeshEEERKNS1_IdNS_13fvsPatchFieldENS_11surfaceMeshEEERS8_dd+0x24) [0x7fe409d1bff4]
[mohammad-laptop:06692] [ 6] interFoam() [0x42bc49]
[mohammad-laptop:06692] [ 7] /lib/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xfd) [0x7fe40822ac4d]
[mohammad-laptop:06692] [ 8] interFoam() [0x4246b9]
[mohammad-laptop:06692] *** End of error message ***
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
mpirun noticed that process rank 0 with PID 6692 on node mohammad-laptop exited on signal 8 (Floating point exception). 


[nimasam]

hi dear mohamad
some general recommendations:
1) decrease your courant number (less than 0.2)
2)increase your corrector (nCorrectors 3;
nNonOrthogonalCorrectors 2; )
3)start with a very small timestep forexample 1e-8

your mean courant number is small, but your maximum courant number is some how high, it seems somewhere in domain,you get a high velocity, which maybe due to mesh quality,also i recommend to initialize your field better and check where you get high courant number

[MartinB]

Hi Mohammad,

in addition to the hints of Nima you should try these settings in fvSchemes (you have a limiter of 0 there):

gradSchemes
{
    default         Gauss linear;
    grad(U)            cellLimited Gauss linear 1;
    grad(p)            cellLimited Gauss linear 1;
}

or

gradSchemes
{
    default         Gauss linear;
    grad(U)            cellLimited leastSquares 1;
    grad(p)            cellLimited leastSquares 1;
}

Martin

[MOHAMMAD67]

Dear Nima

Decreasing courant number to 0.2 cuased sooner divergence. Now I run the case using ncorrectors 3 and nNonorth. 2 and Martins point.

By the way, how can I understand where the courant number is high?

[nimasam]

dear mohamad,
write out first steps, and see in para view which cells have high velocity

[cm_jubayer]

Hi Mohammad,

Did you figure out the problem? Was that the mesh? Thanks.

Jubayer

[simpomann]

Hey,

I simulate flow into a tank and experience the same error.
Simulation is stable for 25.000 iterations (Residuals super small like e-09, Courant and time step stable) and then suddenly time step decreases and I get the exact same error message while MULE solves for alpha.
There is no bounding of variables.
It might be because I have a rather coarse mesh (it stops in a moment where the flow reaches a badly meshed obstacle). But increasing resolution at this point brings down my timestep to non-acceptable values.

So I am interested in your progress Mohamad. Switching on momentum predictor increased stability for me.
The moment of the crash, does your liquid phase encounter a badly meshed region as well?

By the way: lowering CFL from 0.8 to 0.5 solved my problem, the mesh is fully tetrahederical (ist this an existing english word?).

Greetings,

Simon