[YashDesale]

I am trying to validate my CFD model for high Reynolds numbers (30,900,000) using NASA’s database. I am using the SST K-Omega turbulence model with a y\textsuperscript{+} value of 1. According to the y\textsuperscript{+} value, the height of the first layer is 8.2e-6. I am able to match the drag coefficient (Cd) with an error of 4.5% at 0° angle of attack (AoA). However, the lift coefficient (Cl) shows a 23.5% error. When I try to decrease the first layer height further to 8.2e-7, I am not able to convert my msh file into foam using the “gmshToFoam” command. Following is the error:

--> FOAM Warning : From Foam:olyMesh:olyMesh(const Foam::IOobject&, Foam:ointField&&, const cellShapeList&, const faceListList&, const wordList&, const wordList&, const Foam::word&, const Foam::word&, const wordList&, bool) in file meshes/polyMesh/polyMeshFromShapeMesh.C at line 640 Found 1260703 undefined faces in mesh; adding to default patch defaultFaces Finding faces of patch 0 --> FOAM FATAL ERROR: (openfoam-2312 patch=240220) Problem : Patch frontandback starts at 1256031 Current face counter at 1256024 Are patches in incremental order? From void Foam:olyTopoChange::addMesh(const Foam:olyMesh&, const labelUList&, const labelUList&, const labelUList&, const labelUList&) in file polyTopoChange/polyTopoChange.C at line 2437. FOAM aborting [stack trace] ============= #1 Foam::error::simpleExit(int, bool) in /usr/lib/openfoam/openfoam2312/platforms/linux64GccDPInt32Opt/lib/libOpenFOAM.so #2 Foam::error::exiting(int, bool) in /usr/lib/openfoam/openfoam2312/platforms/linux64GccDPInt32Opt/lib/libOpenFOAM.so #3 Foam:olyTopoChange::addMesh(Foam:olyMesh const&, Foam::UList<int> const&, Foam::UList<int> const&, Foam::UList<int> const&, Foam::UList<int> const&) in /usr/lib/openfoam/openfoam2312/platforms/linux64GccDPInt32Opt/lib/libmeshTools.so #4 Foam:olyTopoChange:olyTopoChange(Foam:olyMes h const&, bool) in /usr/lib/openfoam/openfoam2312/platforms/linux64GccDPInt32Opt/lib/libmeshTools.so #5 Foam::repatchPolyTopoChanger::meshMod() in /usr/lib/openfoam/openfoam2312/platforms/linux64GccDPInt32Opt/lib/libdynamicMesh.so #6 Foam::repatchPolyTopoChanger::changePatchID(int, int) in /usr/lib/openfoam/openfoam2312/platforms/linux64GccDPInt32Opt/lib/libdynamicMesh.so #7 ? in /usr/lib/openfoam/openfoam2312/platforms/linux64GccDPInt32Opt/bin/gmshToFoam #8 ? in /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 #9 __libc_start_main in /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 #10 ? in /usr/lib/openfoam/openfoam2312/platforms/linux64GccDPInt32Opt/bin/gmshToFoam ============= Aborted (core dumped)

When I try to increase the height of the first layer to 8.26e-5, the “gmshToFoam” command works, but the solution diverges. I have attached mesh photos, as well as the fvSolution and fvScheme files to this thread.