Hi Everybody,
I am fairly new to OpenFOAM. I am currently facing a challenge in simulating steam condensation inside a 2D domain. In this problem, the steam enters the domain through the inlet and comes in contact with the walls at a lower temperature, leading to the condensation of steam to water and then leaving through the outlet.
I used interCondensatingEvaporatingFoam initially but as I wanted to use externalWallHeatFluxTemperature boundary condition for the walls I had to switch to icoReactingMultiphaseInterFoam.
The simulation is running fine but I don't get any condensation in my domain. I am sharing all the necessary files below, please tell me where I am going wrong.
air,gas file
PHP Code:
/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
| ========= | |
| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
| \\ / O peration | Version: v2306 |
| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
| \\/ M anipulation | |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
version 2.0;
format ascii;
class volScalarField;
object air.gas;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
dimensions [0 0 0 0 0 0 0];
internalField uniform 0;
boundaryField
{
wall.3
{
type zeroGradient;
}
Inlet
{
type fixedValue;
//inletValue $internalField;
//value $internalField;
//inletValue uniform 1;
value uniform 0.2;
}
outlet
{
type inletOutlet;
inletValue uniform 0.2;
value uniform 0.2;
}
frontAndBackPlanes
{
type empty;
}
}
// ************************************************************************* //
vapour.gas file
PHP Code:
/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
| ========= | |
| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
| \\ / O peration | Version: v2306 |
| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
| \\/ M anipulation | |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
version 2.0;
format ascii;
class volScalarField;
object vapour.gas;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
dimensions [0 0 0 0 0 0 0];
internalField uniform 1;
boundaryField
{
wall.3
{
type zeroGradient;
// type fixedGradient;
// gradient uniform -0.01;
}
Inlet
{
type fixedValue;
//inletValue $internalField;
//value $internalField;
//inletValue uniform 1;
value uniform 0.8;
}
outlet
{
type inletOutlet;
//inletValue $internalField;
//value $internalField;
inletValue uniform 0.8;
value uniform 0.8;
}
frontAndBackPlanes
{
type empty;
}
}
// ************************************************************************* //
alpha.gas file
PHP Code:
/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
| ========= | |
| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
| \\ / O peration | Version: 2306 |
| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
| \\/ M anipulation | |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
version 2.0;
format ascii;
arch "LSB;label=32;scalar=64";
class volScalarField;
location "0";
object alpha.gas;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
dimensions [0 0 0 0 0 0 0];
internalField uniform 1;
boundaryField
{
outlet
{
type inletOutlet;
inletValue uniform 1;
value uniform 1;
}
Inlet
{
type fixedValue;
value uniform 1;
}
wall.3
{
type zeroGradient;
// type fixedGradient;
// gradient uniform -0.01;
}
frontAndBackPlanes
{
type empty;
}
}
// ************************************************************************* //
alpha.liquid file
PHP Code:
/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
| ========= | |
| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
| \\ / O peration | Version: 2306 |
| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
| \\/ M anipulation | |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
version 2.0;
format ascii;
arch "LSB;label=32;scalar=64";
class volScalarField;
location "0";
object alpha.liquid;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
dimensions [0 0 0 0 0 0 0];
internalField uniform 0;
boundaryField
{
outlet
{
type inletOutlet;
inletValue $internalField;
value $internalField;
}
Inlet
{
type inletOutlet;
inletValue $internalField;
value $internalField;
}
wall.3
{
type zeroGradient;
//type fixedValue;
//value uniform 1;
}
frontAndBackPlanes
{
type empty;
}
}
// ************************************************************************* //
U file
PHP Code:
/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
| ========= | |
| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
| \\ / O peration | Version: v2306 |
| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
| \\/ M anipulation | |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
version 2.0;
format ascii;
class volVectorField;
object U;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
dimensions [0 1 -1 0 0 0 0];
internalField uniform (0 0 0);
boundaryField
{
wall.3
{
type fixedValue;
value uniform (0 0 0);
}
Inlet
//{
// type flowRateInletVelocity;
// massFlowRate 0.2511;
// extrapolateProfile yes;
// rho rho;
// rhoInlet 0.9;
// value uniform (1 0 0);
//}
{
type fixedValue;
value uniform (0 -0.005 0);
}
outlet
{
type zeroGradient;
}
frontAndBackPlanes
{
type empty;
}
}
// ************************************************************************* //
p_rgh file
PHP Code:
/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
| ========= | |
| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
| \\ / O peration | Version: v2306 |
| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
| \\/ M anipulation | |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
version 2.0;
format ascii;
class volScalarField;
object p_rgh;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
dimensions [ 1 -1 -2 0 0 0 0 ];
internalField uniform 1e5;
boundaryField
{
wall.3
{
type zeroGradient;
}
Inlet
//{
// type prghTotalPressure;
//p0 uniform 1e5; // Total pressure
// rho rho; // Density field
// psi none; // Optional for compressibility
// gamma 1; // Optional (compressible flows)
//}
{
type fixedValue;
value uniform 1e5;
}
outlet
{
type fixedValue;
value uniform 1e5;
}
//outlet
//{
//type fixedValue;
//value uniform 160000;
//}
frontAndBackPlanes
{
type empty;
}
}
// ************************************************************************* //
T file
PHP Code:
/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
| ========= | |
| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
| \\ / O peration | Version: v2306 |
| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
| \\/ M anipulation | |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
version 2.0;
format ascii;
class volScalarField;
object T;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
dimensions [0 0 0 1 0 0 0];
internalField uniform 373;
boundaryField
{
wall.3
{
type externalWallHeatFluxTemperature;
mode coefficient;
Ta constant 278.0;
h constant 10.0;
thicknessLayers (3.76);
kappaLayers (16.2);
kappaMethod fluidThermo;
value $internalField;
}
//{
// type fixedValue;
// value uniform 278;
//}
Inlet
{
type fixedValue;
value uniform 373;
}
outlet
{
type zeroGradient;
}
frontAndBackPlanes
{
type empty;
}
}
// ************************************************************************* //
phaseProperties file
PHP Code:
/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
| ========= | |
| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
| \\ / O peration | Version: v2306 |
| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
| \\/ M anipulation | |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
version 2.0;
format ascii;
class dictionary;
object phaseProperties;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
type massTransferMultiphaseSystem;
phases (gas liquid);
liquid
{
type pureMovingPhaseModel;
}
gas
{
type multiComponentMovingPhaseModel;
}
surfaceTension
(
(gas and liquid)
{
type constant;
sigma 0.0589;
}
);
massTransferModel
(
(liquid to gas)
{
type kineticGasEvaporation;
species vapour.gas;
C -0.1; //C is the model constant. If C > 0 the model acts as evaporation, if C < 0 is condensing.
isoAlpha 0.2;
Tactivate 373;
}
);
// ************************************************************************* //
thermophysicalProperties.gas
PHP Code:
/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
| ========= | |
| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
| \\ / O peration | Version: v2306 |
| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
| \\/ M anipulation | |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
version 2.0;
format ascii;
class dictionary;
object thermophysicalProperties.gas;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
thermoType
{
type heRhoThermo;
mixture multiComponentMixture;
transport const;
thermo hConst;
equationOfState incompressiblePerfectGas;
specie specie;
energy sensibleEnthalpy;
}
species
(
air
vapour
);
inertSpecie air;
vapour
{
specie
{
nMoles 1;
molWeight 18.9;
}
equationOfState
{
pRef 1e5;
}
thermodynamics
{
Hf 0;
Cp 2030;
}
transport
{
mu 0.9e-05;
Pr 0.7;
}
}
air
{
specie
{
nMoles 1;
molWeight 28.9;
}
equationOfState
{
pRef 1e5;
}
thermodynamics
{
Hf 0;
Cp 900;
}
transport
{
mu 0.9e-05;
Pr 0.7;
}
}
// ************************************************************************* //
thermophysicalProperties.liquid
PHP Code:
/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
| ========= | |
| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
| \\ / O peration | Version: v2306 |
| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
| \\/ M anipulation | |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
version 2.0;
format ascii;
class dictionary;
object thermophysicalProperties.liquid;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
thermoType
{
type heRhoThermo;
mixture pureMixture;
transport const;
thermo hConst;
equationOfState rhoConst;
specie specie;
energy sensibleEnthalpy;
}
mixture
{
specie
{
nMoles 1;
molWeight 18.9;
}
equationOfState
{
rho 958.4;
}
thermodynamics
{
Cp 4216;
// Hf -2.45e6;
Hf 2.45e6;
}
transport
{
Pr 6.62;
mu 959e-6;
}
}
// ************************************************************************* //
The residuals after 10seconds is shown below:
PHP Code:
Courant Number mean: 0.314005 max: 1.3449
Interface Courant Number mean: 0 max: 0
Maximum ddtAlpha : 0
Maximum DiffNum : 0
deltaT = 0.01
Time = 9.99
DILUPBiCGStab: Solving for alpha.gas, Initial residual = 0.124396, Final residual = 7.45994e-10, No Iterations 3
MULES: Solving for alpha.gas
DILUPBiCGStab: Solving for alpha.liquid, Initial residual = 0, Final residual = 0, No Iterations 0
MULES: Solving for alpha.liquid
Phase-sum volume fraction, min, max = 1 1 1
alpha.gas volume fraction = 1 Min(alpha) = 1 Max(alpha) = 1
alpha.liquid volume fraction = 0 Min(alpha) = 0 Max(alpha) = 0
PIMPLE: iteration 1
DILUPBiCGStab: Solving for Xvapour.gas, Initial residual = 0.000276349, Final residual = 2.90958e-09, No Iterations 1
MULES: Solving for Xvapour.gas
air.gas mass fraction = Min(Y) = 6.10116e-12 Max(Y) = 0.2
vapour.gas mass fraction = Min(Y) = 0.8 Max(Y) = 1
DILUPBiCGStab: Solving for T, Initial residual = 3.56367e-06, Final residual = 3.05754e-08, No Iterations 4
min/max(T) = 291.949, 373
DICPCG: Solving for p_rgh, Initial residual = 0.00193553, Final residual = 3.01285e-05, No Iterations 4
time step continuity errors : sum local = 2.48054e-07, global = -5.05432e-08, cumulative = -1.01757e-05
DICPCG: Solving for p_rgh, Initial residual = 0.000383792, Final residual = 8.50993e-10, No Iterations 59
time step continuity errors : sum local = 3.31346e-08, global = 1.01364e-10, cumulative = -1.01756e-05
ExecutionTime = 13.39 s ClockTime = 14 s
Courant Number mean: 0.314028 max: 1.3449
Interface Courant Number mean: 0 max: 0
Maximum ddtAlpha : 0
Maximum DiffNum : 0
deltaT = 0.01
Time = 10
DILUPBiCGStab: Solving for alpha.gas, Initial residual = 0.119132, Final residual = 3.2368e-10, No Iterations 3
MULES: Solving for alpha.gas
DILUPBiCGStab: Solving for alpha.liquid, Initial residual = 0, Final residual = 0, No Iterations 0
MULES: Solving for alpha.liquid
Phase-sum volume fraction, min, max = 1 1 1
alpha.gas volume fraction = 1 Min(alpha) = 1 Max(alpha) = 1
alpha.liquid volume fraction = 0 Min(alpha) = 0 Max(alpha) = 0
PIMPLE: iteration 1
DILUPBiCGStab: Solving for Xvapour.gas, Initial residual = 0.000277555, Final residual = 2.80145e-09, No Iterations 1
MULES: Solving for Xvapour.gas
air.gas mass fraction = Min(Y) = 6.22458e-12 Max(Y) = 0.2
vapour.gas mass fraction = Min(Y) = 0.8 Max(Y) = 1
DILUPBiCGStab: Solving for T, Initial residual = 3.43375e-06, Final residual = 3.42081e-08, No Iterations 4
min/max(T) = 291.949, 373
DICPCG: Solving for p_rgh, Initial residual = 0.00184065, Final residual = 3.45061e-05, No Iterations 2
time step continuity errors : sum local = 2.82363e-07, global = 7.56102e-08, cumulative = -1.01e-05
DICPCG: Solving for p_rgh, Initial residual = 0.000266362, Final residual = 6.71181e-10, No Iterations 57
time step continuity errors : sum local = 3.14438e-08, global = -1.02927e-10, cumulative = -1.01001e-05
ExecutionTime = 13.41 s ClockTime = 14 s
End
Thanks in Advance.
Yesterday, 09:00
icoReactingMultiphaseInterFoam to simulate condensation of steam in a 2D Domain
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