[altinel]

Dear Foamers,

I'm trying to simulate three-component gas mixture (single phase, no reaction, no combustion) through a very simple 90-degree bended pipe (one inlet, one outlet, and wall_shroud & wall_hub as walls; see the attached screenshot) with reactingFoam.



My gases are H2, N2 and H2O.

The boundary conditions are given in the ANSYS CFX like this:

• Total Pressure @inlet as 250000 Pa and Mass flow rate @outlet as 0.025 kg/s
• Mass fraction of H2 is given as 0.0886
• Mass fraction of H2O is given as 0.1726
• Mass fraction of N2 is given as 0.7388
• Inlet Temperature: 353.15 K

When I try to run my case with reactingFoam, it crashes after some iterations with the error "temperature out of range" (with maxCo 30 adjustment):


> FOAM Warning :

From function Foam::scalar Foam::janafThermo<EquationOfState>::limit(Foam::sc alar) const [with EquationOfState = Foam:erfectGas<Foam::specie>; Foam::scalar = double]

in file /home/altinel/OpenFOAM/OpenFOAM-8/src/thermophysicalModels/specie/lnInclude/janafThermoI.H at line 117

attempt to use janafThermo<EquationOfState> out of temperature range 200 -> 3500; T = -538.69056

--> FOAM Warning :

From function Foam::scalar Foam::janafThermo<EquationOfState>::limit(Foam::sc alar) const [with EquationOfState = Foam:erfectGas<Foam::specie>; Foam::scalar = double]

in file /home/altinel/OpenFOAM/OpenFOAM-8/src/thermophysicalModels/specie/lnInclude/janafThermoI.H at line 117

attempt to use janafThermo<EquationOfState> out of temperature range 200 -> 3500; T = 194.86902

--> FOAM Warning :

From function Foam::scalar Foam::janafThermo<EquationOfState>::limit(Foam::sc alar) const [with EquationOfState = Foam:erfectGas<Foam::specie>; Foam::scalar = double]

in file /home/altinel/OpenFOAM/OpenFOAM-8/src/thermophysicalModels/specie/lnInclude/janafThermoI.H at line 117

attempt to use janafThermo<EquationOfState> out of temperature range 200 -> 3500; T = 192.82848

--> FOAM Warning :

From function Foam::scalar Foam::janafThermo<EquationOfState>::limit(Foam::sc alar) const [with EquationOfState = Foam:erfectGas<Foam::specie>; Foam::scalar = double]

in file /home/altinel/OpenFOAM/OpenFOAM-8/src/thermophysicalModels/specie/lnInclude/janafThermoI.H at line 117


Here is my setup in 0/ folder -->

p:

/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
  =========                 |
  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  8
     \\/     M anipulation  |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
    version     2.0;
    format      ascii;
    class       volScalarField;
    location    "0";
    object      p;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

dimensions      [1 -1 -2 0 0 0 0];

internalField   uniform 2.5e5;

boundaryField
{
    inlet
    {
        type              fixedValue;
        value             uniform 250000;
    }
    outlet
    {
        type            zeroGradient;
    }
    wall_hub
    {
        type            zeroGradient;
    }
    wall_shroud
    {
        type            zeroGradient;
    }
}


// ************************************************************************* //

U:

/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
  =========                 |
  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  8
     \\/     M anipulation  |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
    version     2.0;
    format      ascii;
    class       volVectorField;
    location    "0";
    object      U;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

dimensions      [0 1 -1 0 0 0 0];

internalField   uniform (0 0 0);

boundaryField
{
    inlet
    {
        type            zeroGradient;
    }
    outlet
    {
        type            flowRateOutletVelocity;
        massFlowRate    constant 0.025; // kg/s
        rhoOutlet       0.52;      
    }
    wall_hub
    {
        type            fixedValue;
        value           uniform (0 0 0);
    }
    wall_shroud
    {
        type            fixedValue;
        value           uniform (0 0 0);
    }
}


// ************************************************************************* //

T:

/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
  =========                 |
  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  8
     \\/     M anipulation  |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
    version     2.0;
    format      ascii;
    class       volScalarField;
    location    "0";
    object      T;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

dimensions      [0 0 0 1 0 0 0];

internalField   uniform 353.15;

boundaryField
{
    inlet
    {
        type            fixedValue;
        value           uniform 353.15;
    }
    outlet
    {
        //type            zeroGradient;
        
        type            inletOutlet;
        inletValue      uniform 353.15;
        value           uniform 353.15;
        
        //value           $internalField;
        //inletValue      $internalField;
    }
    wall_hub
    {
        type            zeroGradient;
    }
    wall_shroud
    {
        type            zeroGradient;
    }
}


// ************************************************************************* //

H2:

/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
  =========                 |
  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  8
     \\/     M anipulation  |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
    version     2.0;
    format      ascii;
    class       volScalarField;
    location    "0";
    object      H2;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

dimensions      [0 0 0 0 0 0 0];

internalField   uniform 0.0886;



boundaryField
{
    inlet
    {
        type            fixedValue;
        value           uniform 0.0886;
    }
    outlet
    {
        type            inletOutlet;
        inletValue      uniform 0.0886;
        value           uniform 0.0886;
    }
    wall_hub
    {
        type            zeroGradient;
    }
    wall_shroud
    {
        type            zeroGradient;
    }
}



// ************************************************************************* //

H2O

/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
  =========                 |
  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  8
     \\/     M anipulation  |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
    version     2.0;
    format      ascii;
    class       volScalarField;
    location    "0";
    object      H2O;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

dimensions      [0 0 0 0 0 0 0];

internalField   uniform 0.1726;

boundaryField
{
    inlet
    {
        type            fixedValue;
        value           uniform 0.1726;
    }
    outlet
    {
        type            inletOutlet;
        inletValue      uniform 0.1726;
        value           uniform 0.1726;
    }
    wall_hub
    {
        type            zeroGradient;
    }
    wall_shroud
    {
        type            zeroGradient;
    }
}


// ************************************************************************* //

N2:

/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
  =========                 |
  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  8
     \\/     M anipulation  |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
    version     2.0;
    format      ascii;
    class       volScalarField;
    location    "0";
    object      N2;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

dimensions      [0 0 0 0 0 0 0];

internalField   uniform 0.7388;

boundaryField
{
    inlet
    {
        type            fixedValue;
        value           uniform 0.7388;
    }
    outlet
    {
        type            inletOutlet;
        inletValue      uniform 0.7388;
        value           uniform 0.7388;
    }
    wall_hub
    {
        type            zeroGradient;
    }
    wall_shroud
    {
        type            zeroGradient;
    }
}


// ************************************************************************* //

Ydefault:

/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
  =========                 |
  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  8
     \\/     M anipulation  |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
    version     2.0;
    format      ascii;
    class       volScalarField;
    location    "0";
    object      Ydefault;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

dimensions      [0 0 0 0 0 0 0];

internalField   uniform 0;

boundaryField
{
    inlet
    {
        type            fixedValue;
        value           $internalField;
    }
    outlet
    {
        type            inletOutlet;
        inletValue      $internalField;
        value           $internalField;
    }
    wall_hub
    {
        type            zeroGradient;
    }
    wall_shroud
    {
        type            zeroGradient;
    }
}


// ************************************************************************* //

My constant/ folder -->

thermophysicalProperties:

/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
  =========                 |
  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  8
     \\/     M anipulation  |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
    version     2.0;
    format      ascii;
    class       dictionary;
    location    "constant";
    object      thermophysicalProperties;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

thermoType
{
    type            hePsiThermo;
    //type            heRhoThermo;
    mixture         multiComponentMixture;
    //transport       const;
    transport          sutherland;
    //thermo          hConst;
    thermo              janaf;
    //energy          sensibleEnthalpy;
    energy          sensibleInternalEnergy;
    equationOfState perfectGas;
    specie          specie;
}

inertSpecie     H2;
inertSpecie     N2;
inertSpecie     H2O;
        

#include "thermo.compressibleGas"

// ************************************************************************* //

thermo.compressibleGas:

/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
  =========                 |
  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  8
     \\/     M anipulation  |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
    version     2.0;
    format      ascii;
    class       dictionary;
    location    "constant";
    object      thermo.compressibleGas;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

species
(
    
    N2
    H2
    H2O
);



N2
{  
    specie

    {
        molWeight       28.0134;
    }
    thermodynamics
    {
        Tlow            200;
        Thigh           5000;
        Tcommon         1000;
        highCpCoeffs    ( 2.92664 0.00148798 -5.68476e-07 1.0097e-10 -6.75335e-15 -922.798 5.98053 );
        lowCpCoeffs     ( 3.29868 0.00140824 -3.96322e-06 5.64152e-09 -2.44486e-12 -1020.9 3.95037 );
    }
    transport
    {
        As              1.67212e-06;
        Ts              170.672;
    }
}


H2
{
    specie
        {
            molWeight       2.01594;
        }
        thermodynamics
        {
            Tlow            200;
            Thigh           3500;
            Tcommon         1000;
            highCpCoeffs    ( 3.3372792 -4.94024731e-05 4.99456778e-07 -1.79566394e-10 2.00255376e-14 -950.158922 -3.20502331);
            lowCpCoeffs     ( 2.34433112 0.00798052075 -1.9478151e-05 2.01572094e-08 -7.37611761e-12 -917.935173 0.683010238);
        }
        transport
        {
            As              6.362e-07;
            Ts              72;
        }

}


H2O
{
    specie
    {
        molWeight       18.01534;
    }
    thermodynamics
    {
        Tlow            200;
        Thigh           3500;
        Tcommon         1000;
        highCpCoeffs    ( 3.03399249 0.00217691804 -1.64072518e-07 -9.7041987e-11 1.68200992e-14 -30004.2971 4.9667701 );
        lowCpCoeffs     ( 4.19864056 -0.0020364341 6.52040211e-06 -5.48797062e-09 1.77197817e-12 -30293.7267 -0.849032208 );
    }
    transport
    {
        As              1.512e-06;
        Ts              120;
    }
    
}




// ************************************************************************* //

combustionProperties:

/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
  =========                 |
  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  8
     \\/     M anipulation  |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
    version     2.0;
    format      ascii;
    class       dictionary;
    location    "constant";
    object      combustionProperties;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

combustionModel  none;


// ************************************************************************* //

my system/ folder -->

fvSchemes:

/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
  =========                 |				
  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  8                                   	
     \\/     M anipulation  |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
    version     2.0;
    format      ascii;
    class       dictionary;
    object      fvSchemes;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
//gasmixture

ddtSchemes
{
    default         Euler;
}

gradSchemes
{

    default 	     cellLimited Gauss linear 1;
    grad(U) 	     cellLimited Gauss linear 1;
}

divSchemes
{
    default         none;

    div(phi,U)      Gauss linearUpwind default;
    div(phi,Yi_h)   Gauss limitedLinear 1;



    div(phid,p)     Gauss limitedLinear 1;
    div(phiv,p)     Gauss limitedLinear 1;


    
    div(phi,K)      Gauss linear;
    div(phi,e)      Gauss linear;


    div(phi,k)       bounded Gauss upwind default;
    div(phi,epsilon) bounded Gauss upwind default;
    div(phi,omega)   bounded Gauss upwind default;

    
    div(((rho*nuEff)*dev2(T(grad(U))))) Gauss linear 1;
}

laplacianSchemes
{

    default         Gauss linear limited 1;
}

interpolationSchemes
{
    default         linear;
}

snGradSchemes
{
    default         limited 1;
}

fluxRequired
{
    default         no;
    p               ;
}

wallDist
{
    method         Poisson;
}


// ************************************************************************* //

fvSolution:

/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
  =========                 |				
  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  8                                   	
     \\/     M anipulation  |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
    version     2.0;
    format      ascii;
    class       dictionary;
    object      fvSolution;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //


solvers
{

    p
    {
        solver          PCG;
        preconditioner  DIC;
        tolerance       1e-06;
        relTol          0;
    }
    pFinal
    {
        solver          PCG;
        preconditioner  DIC;
        tolerance       1e-06;
        relTol          0;

        minIter		3;
    }

    "U.*"
    {
        solver          PBiCGStab;
        preconditioner  DILU;
        tolerance       1e-06;
        relTol          0;
       minIter		3;
    }


    "e.*"
    {
        solver          PBiCGStab;
        preconditioner  DILU;
        tolerance       1e-6;
        relTol          0.01;
        minIter		3;
    }

    "rho.*"
    {
        solver          diagonal;
    }

   
    "omega.*"
    {
        solver          PBiCGStab;
        preconditioner  DILU;
        tolerance       1e-06;
        relTol          0.01;
        minIter		3;
    }

    "k.*"
    {
        solver          PBiCGStab;
        preconditioner  DILU;
        tolerance       1e-06;
        relTol          0.01;
        minIter		3;
    }
    
    //For Poisson wallDist method
    yPsi
    {
        solver          PCG;
        preconditioner  DIC;
        tolerance       1e-06;
        relTol          0;

	minIter 	2;
    }
    
    "Yi.*"
        {
            $eFinal
        }

}


PIMPLE
{
    momentumPredictor	yes;	//yes(D)
  
    consistent		yes;

    nOuterCorrectors     2;
    nCorrectors          3;
    nNonOrthogonalCorrectors 1;
    pRefCell        0;
    pRefValue       0;
    residualControl
    {
        p               1e-6;
        U               1e-6;
        "(k|omega)"     1e-6;
    }
}

relaxationFactors
{
    fields
    {
        ".*"   0.9;  // ensure diagonal equality
       p       1;
    }
    equations
    {
        ".*"   0.9;  // ensure diagonal equality
        p       1;
        //T       0.7;
    }
}


// ************************************************************************* //

If i try to run my case with "max Co 1", it crashes at the beginning...

I've already checked my mesh and it seems to be okay. I've also refined my mesh and tried again, but it still crashes.

Then I've downgraded my case as laminar flow and unfortunately i do get the same error with the temperature out of range…


Optionally, I can add fvOptions to fix my temperature range but then I get very unrealistic results…


My case can be downloaded from here:*https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zS6...ew?usp=sharing

Any help is appreciated!

Thank you very much and best regards

altinel

[dlahaye]

Requested access to Google folder.

Pls share here yr. system/controlDict

[altinel]

Hello Domenico,

Thank you very much for your quick reply!
Now, I've changed the settings of the shared file.

You should have an access now.

best regards
altinel

[dlahaye]

Suggest to insert limitU and limitT (as suggested by others in this forum earlier).

* limit temperature (https://www.openfoam.com/documentati...mperature.html), (especially this on) and velocity (https://www.openfoam.com/documentati...-velocity.html) using settings in fvOptions dictionary;

[altinel]

Hello Domenico,

Thank you for the suggestion... I've already checked the former threads regarding the temperature problem with reactingFoam like here: having trouble using reactingFoam with reactions turned off , Bug in energy equation of reactingFoam (openfoam 6)

Now, I've inserted limitT and limitU in the fvOptions as shown below:

/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
  =========                 |				
  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
    \\  /    A nd           | Version:  8                                   	
     \\/     M anipulation  |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
    version     2.0;
    format      ascii;
    class       dictionary;
    object      fvOptions;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //


limitTemperature
{
    type limitTemperature;
    active true;
    limitTemperatureCoeffs
        {
        selectionMode all;
        min              350;
        max             355;
        //phase           gas; // optional
        }
}


 limitU
    {
        type            limitVelocity;
        active          yes;

        selectionMode   all;
        max             200;
    }
// ************************************************************************* //

But with this fvOptions-settings I'm getting very unrealistic results... I've attached the calculated velocity profile (laminar flow) with reactingFoam using LTS (after 300 Iterations).

What I also don't understand is… why is the temperature going crazy without any reactions/combustion…

best regards
altinel

[lliyuu]

hello，altinel
Have you solved your problem? I encountered the same problem (FOAM Warning), and I checked my mesh and boundary conditions, and they are fine. I tried to modify fvsolution and used limitTemperature, but unfortunately it didn't work. Do you have any ideas?

[blr]

I also encounter the same problem with rhoPimpleFoam ... help~