[Virgilio10]

Hi guys I am starting an industrial PhD related to liquid metal systems for nuclear fusion applications.
My study case: a liquid metal Jet (1 m/s - 20 L/s) injected in a magentized (vacuum chamber) and impacting on a cylindrical substrate.
Now, to numerically model this, the challenges are mutliple, MHD effects, interface tracking, high density ratios etc...
Here, I would like to focus "just" on: simulating high-velocity Liquid Jets (not even liquid metals at this point) in a gravitational field. My initial goal is to validate step-by-step diffuse interface methods in simulating this study case. For now I have used phase-field and level-set methods but their computatonal cost is high and their validity outside bubble-droplet or microfluidics applications is scarse to my knowledge-experience.
To have a validated CFD tool solving multiphase jet is already not trivial to my understanding.
Do you know any well documented benchmark pertaining simulations of liquid Jets ? I would appreciate any paper facing one or more of the following aspects:

• Validation of CFD numerical codes (OPENFOAM, COMSOL, FLUENT whatever - it is not important at this phase) targeting something similar ( even better if with a proper fluid dynamic similarity - but that would need my input on dimensionless number - let me know in case) to what I need: macroscopic jets ( someting like "waterfalls liquid column collapse etc..)
• Experimental investigations focusing on the impact of a liquid jet onto a substrate
• Experimental investigations focusing on the injection of a liquid jet into a chamber.
• literature review of multiphase CFD treating all known benchmarks or applications simular to my study case.

NB I don't think that anything related to the "atomization" of a liquid jet would be useful, what I am after is really a benckmark with numerical and experimental validations ( or attempted one) pertaining liquid jet under gravit impacting on a substrate.
I will read with pleasure any advice or suggestion to face this matters.
Thank you very much.