[foadsf]

Hello everyone,

I have also asked this question here in SO.

Assuming that we have a pneumatic cylinder-piston with arbitrary but known surface area A, a known clarence c, and a known length L. What is the best model to describe the total steady state force applied on the piston considering the leakage? (the force required to keep the piston in place)



What I'm looking for is an equation in the form of . In extreme cases:

- if $c\rightarrow 0$ then is just hydrostatic pressure
- if c is big then is just air drag


I can calculate leakage from empirical or theoretical models but I don't know how to proceed from there.