[tmy]

Hi all,

I have a question about the PSM soot model in Converge. In the manual it says this model features good capability over wide ranges of operating conditions. I am wondering if this model was validated for both premixed and non-premixed laminar flames? (The reference from manual is for a PSR validation)

Thanks

[azandian]

Originally Posted by tmy

Hi all,

I have a question about the PSM soot model in Converge. In the manual it says this model features good capability over wide ranges of operating conditions. I am wondering if this model was validated for both premixed and non-premixed laminar flames? (The reference from manual is for a PSR validation)

Thanks

Hi Tao; since the users in industry generally don't share their emissions data, it is not easy to directly compare and validate the CFD results against the experiments. However, there are several publications available where the users have validated the PSM soot model results using CONVERGE against their measurements for both non-premixed diesel engines and premixed gasoline engines. I refer you the the Emissions Modeling Advanced Training by CONVERGE, which is available to public, for more details. Here are a couple of publications which I could find for you:

General Motors
Gao, J. and Kuo, T.-W., "Towards the Accurate Prediction of Soot in Engine Application," 9th International Conference on Modeling and Diagnostics for Advanced Engine Systems, A104, Okayama, Japan, Jul 25–28, 2017.
Gao, J., & Kuo, T.-W. (2019). Toward the accurate prediction of soot in engine applications. International Journal of Engine Research, 20(7), 706–717.

LOGE AB; Groupe Renault
Ravet, F., Dutfoy, L., Rathinam, B., Lehtiniemi, H., Seidel, L., Netzer, C., and Mauss, F., "Soot Modeling with Particle Sectional Model (PSM) in Diesel Engine. Results and Discussion," THIESEL 2016, Valencia, Spain, Sep 13–16, 2016.

In general, the measurements account for the mass of soot particles which are in solid state, but in CONVERGE the soot is considered in the gas phase, and we account for these soot models to calculate the solid soot mass from there. Therefore, since measuring the accurate soot mass is not an easy task, users usually check the trend of soot mass rather than its exact value.

[SamWijey]

Here are more publications talking about soot modeling in CONVERGE

Gao, J., & Kuo, T.-W. (2019). Toward the accurate prediction of soot in engine applications. International Journal of Engine Research, 20(7), 706–717.

Duvvuri, P.P., Sukumaran, S., Shrivastava, R.K., and Sreedhara, S., "Modeling Soot Particle Size Distribution in Diesel Engines," Fuel, 243, 70-78, 2019. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.01.104

Tang, M., Pei, Y., Zhang, Y., Traver, M., Cleary, D., Luo, Z., Naber, J., and Lee, S.-Y., "Numerical Investigation of Fuel Effects on Soot Emissions at Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Conditions," ASME 2018 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference, ICEF2018-9696, San Diego, CA, United States, Nov 4–7, 2018. DOI: 10.1115/ICEF2018-9696

Pastor, J., Garcia-Oliver, J., Novella, R., and Xuan, T., "Soot Quantification of Single-Hole Diesel Sprays by Means of Extinction Imaging," SAE Paper 2015-24-2417, 2015. DOI: 10.4271/2015-24-2417

Li, M., Zhang, Q., Liu, X., Ma, Y., and Zheng, Q., "Soot Emission Prediction in Pilot Ignited Direct Injection Natural Gas Engine Based on n-Heptane/Toluene/Methane/PAH Mechanism," Energy, 163, 660-681, 2018. DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2018.08.102