[hrsq]

Hi members,
I am doing a multi-band radiation simulation of Photovoltaic cells using CFX. I am using Monte Carlo model and I have two bands in my problem. I was wondering how I can get the radiation heat flux on a specific surface in the computational domain as a function of wavelength/frequency. I need to have the wavelength dependent heat flux so I can multiply that with some wavelength dependent parameter to obtain current in the PV cell simulation.
Thank you

[hrsq]

Any answer?

[Opaque]

Have you looked at the variables available in the results file for a non-Gray spectral model ? You should look for "MySpectralBand 1".Wall Emitted Radiation Flux, and "MySpectralBand 1".Wall Absorbed Radiation Flux, where MySpectralBand 1 name refers to the name of the spectral bands you have created.

If you find those variables, you can try using CEL expressions using such names in your calculations. Recall that

MySpectralBand 1.Wall Radiative Heat Flux = MySpectralBand 1.Wall Emitted Radiation Flux - MySpectralBand 1.Wall Absorbed Radiation Flux

If the ANSYS CFX Solver returns an error that such variables are not available for CEL expressions, you may need to use the USER_GETVAR User Fortran utility to access them.

Hope the above helps,

[hrsq]

Thank you very much for your answer. Actually, I don't know where the result files will be saved by CFX. In the CFD post, there is not option for wavelength dependent heat flux. Could you please what you mean by result file?
Thank you

[Opaque]

Have you run any simple calculation using wavelength dependent properties yet ? For example, modify any of the tutorial (Combustion, or Heat and Ventilation) that uses radiation to use wavelength radiation properties, and go from there.

In CFD-Post, look into the Variable tab and see what variables have been computed in the simulation.

[hrsq]

Yes, I ran many simulations using monte carlo method but there is no wavelength dependent radiation properties in CFD-post. I want heat flux as a function of wavelength not the total heat flux in a specific band.

[Opaque]

You mean there are no wavelength dependent variables in the results file. What version of the software are you using.

The minimum wavelength dependent variables you should see include:

Band Name.Absorption Coefficient
Band Name.Incident Radiation
Band Name.Radiation Intensity
Band Name.Scattering Coefficient
Band Name.Volumetric Absorbed Radiation
Band Name.Volumetric Emitted Radiation
Band Name.Wall Irradiation Flux

If you do not see those in your previous runs, you are either using an older version of the software, or the spectral model is not setup correctly. Perhaps you should post the CCL section under SPECTRAL MODEL for a given domain. I have the following with success

        SPECTRAL MODEL :
          Option = Multiband
          SPECTRAL BAND : UV
            Option = Wavelength in Vacuum
            Wavelength Lower Limit = 0.01 [micron]
            Wavelength Upper Limit = 0.4  [micron]
          END
          SPECTRAL BAND : Visible
            Option = Wavelength in Vacuum
            Wavelength Lower Limit = 0.4 [micron]
            Wavelength Upper Limit = 0.7 [micron]
          END
          SPECTRAL BAND : Thermal
            Option = Wavelength in Vacuum
            Wavelength Lower Limit = 0.7 [micron]
            Wavelength Upper Limit = 100. [micron]
          END
          SPECTRAL BAND : Microwave
            Option = Wavelength in Vacuum
             Wavelength Lower Limit = 100   [micron]
            Wavelength Upper Limit = 1.E10 [micron]
          END
        END

The following variables can be accessed via User Fortran as I explained earlier

Band Name.Wall Emitted Radiation Flux
Band Name.Wall Absorbed Radiation Flux

To access them via CEL, you should contact ANSYS support for the proper advice on how to customize/configure the software.

[hrsq]

Dear Opaque,
I really appreciate for taking the time and responding me. You are right. Like I said, I have all of those parameter in the CFD-post. They are integrated version of each parameter over different region of spectrum. They are just a value not function of wave length. For example in the example your mentioned for Spectral Band of "UV" the range of wavelength is from 0.01 to 0.4 micron and all of the variables in the CFD Post are integrated over this spectrum so the result is just a number. But I want to find for example heat flux on a specific wall as a function of wave length q = f(wavelength) because I am going to multiply this function by some other wavelength parameters to obtain Voltage and current.

[Opaque]

I am not sure exactly what you are trying to achieve from the spectral calculations, but before jumping into using any of those quantities it is better to understand how they were obtained and what they represent.

A general radiation problem is 7-dimensional (x,y,z,t,phi,theta,frequency). When solving the problem numerically, we are sub-dividing every dimension into finite intervals: mesh, time step, angular directions, and finally "spectral interval".

Within each sub-division, a variation of the variable along such dimension is assumed, for example linear variation. Then, the equations are represented on the discrete intervals and a solution is obtained.

For the frequency (wavelength, or wavenumber), the spectrum is discretized into bands (just a name) and the solution is assumed to be represented by a mean value within the band (let say at the center of the "spectral element") . Mathematically, a crude representation of such variation can be a summation of step functions, lets say

Variable (frequency) = Sum ( Variable (band) * step (band) )

where step(band) = 0 if frequency is outside the band, =1 if frequency in the band. I think this is the function you are looking for. You may want to interpolate differently, but I could not justify it without understanding the end goal.

Of course, if you are only using 2 bands, the solution is step-wise. For a more detailed variation, you must discretize the spectrum with smaller band (frequency refinement). Keep in mind that the computation effort increases very quickly if you too many bands. Then, you can reconstruct the function by creating a CEL expression using the step function.

There is nothing else behind the solution algorithm. Using the above as context, you must now formulate how those quantities for each band can be introduced into your additional model.

Hope the above helps,

[hrsq]

Dear Opaque,
I really thank you for your clarification. I found the answer of my question with you clear explanation.
Thank you very much

[transparent]

Dear Opaque,

I have a short follow up question to your very informative post! I'm trying to get the Wall Absorbed Radiation Flux for a specific frequency band (Multiband model) using USER_GETVAR, however, I don't quite seem to catch the right variable and always get a segmentation error. So far I've tried your suggestion with 'Band Name.Wall Absorbed Radiation Flux' and quite a lot of other combinations but nothing seems to be working. My code is the following:

CALL USER_GETVAR ('SB2.Wall Absorbed Radiation Flux', CRESLT, pGRAD_PHI,
& CZ,DZ,IZ,LZ,RZ)

I'm new to the entire User Fortran functions so there could me a mistake there as well, however, variables like density work flawlessly by Ar.Density. Any ideas what my mistake is?

Thank you for your help!


PS (in case this makes explaining easier):
My Domain: Fluid
Fluid name: Ar
Boundary I'm interested in: Top

[Opaque]

The USER_GETVAR called has failed for some reason encoded in the CRESLT argument.

After every call of USER_GETVAR, you should check for return code and verify it is GOOD. If GOOD, you can continue with your program; otherwise, the argument pGRAD_PHI (I would have name pABSFLX or similar) will be undefined and you will get a segmentation violation. The list of possible return codes are listed in the documentation.

Perhaps the fluid name should also be prefixed to the name. That is, Fluid.SB2.Wall Absorbed Radiation Flux. My apologies if that is the source of your problems.

Hope the above helps,

[transparent]

Dear Opaque,

thank you for the answer! Unfortunately I don't think any of those are the reason for it not working.. Concerning the check of CRESLT, I've coded the following:

C Initialise success flag.
CRESLT = 'GOOD'
CALL USER_GETVAR ('Ar.SB2.Radiation Intensity', CRESLT, pGRAD_PHI,
& CZ,DZ,IZ,LZ,RZ)
IF (CRESLT .NE. 'GOOD') GO TO 999
999 CONTINUE
C
C Send any diagnostics or stop requests via master processor
IF (CRESLT .NE. 'GOOD') THEN
CALL MESAGE( 'BUFF', 'USER_SOURCE2 returned error:' )
CALL MESAGE( 'BUFF', CRESLT )
CALL MESAGE( 'BUFF-OUT', ' ' )
END IF

Which seems to be working fine (at least I have gotten some error before)... Or what do you think?

Concerning the variable name I've tried the following without luck:
SB2.Wall Absorbed Radiation Flux
Ar. SB2.Wall Absorbed Radiation Flux
SB2.Wall Irradiation Flux
SB2.irrad
Top.SB2.Wall Absorbed Radiation Flux
Fluid.SB2.Wall Absorbed Radiation Flux
Ar.Wall Absorbed Radiation Flux(SB2)
Wall Absorbed Radiation Flux
Ar.Wall Absorbed Radiation Flux
Wall Absorbed Radiation Flux.Boundcon
Ar.SB2.Wall Irradiation Flux
Ar.Wall Irradiation Flux.SB2
Ar.Wall Irradiation Flux(SB2)


The following, however, are working (but unfortunately not enough information):
Ar.SB2.Radiation Intensity



Which are interestingly enough the ones that are mentioned at the end of the out-file.... Any suggestions what I could do different to access that variable (Wall Absorbed Radiation Flux)? I'm running a little out of ideas..

[Opaque]

Could you post what CRESLT value you are getting when the failure occurs ?

[transparent]

Interestingly enough, for some reason I'm unable to output the CRESLT value before the error occurs.. I've been trying to use the following in the function:

C
CALL USER_GETVAR ('Ar.SB2.Wall Absorbed Radiation Flux', CRESLT, WARF,
& CZ,DZ,IZ,LZ,RZ)
IF (CRESLT .NE. 'GOOD') GO TO 999
CALL MESAGE( 'BUFF', 'USER_SOURCE2 returned CRESLT:' )
CALL MESAGE( 'BUFF', CRESLT )
CALL MESAGE( 'BUFF-OUT', ' ' )
C
RET = RZ(WARF)
C
999 CONTINUE
C
C Send any diagnostics or stop requests via master processor
IF (CRESLT .NE. 'GOOD') THEN
CALL MESAGE( 'BUFF', 'USER_SOURCE2 returned error:' )
CALL MESAGE( 'BUFF', CRESLT )
CALL MESAGE( 'BUFF-OUT', ' ' )
END IF
C


and the error I'm getting then is:

================================================== ====================
OUTER LOOP ITERATION = 1 CPU SECONDS = 5.300E-01
----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Equation | Rate | RMS Res | Max Res | Linear Solution |
+----------------------+------+---------+---------+------------------+
| U-Mom | 0.00 | 0.0E+00 | 0.0E+00 | 0.0E+00 OK|
| V-Mom | 0.00 | 1.4E+00 | 1.5E+00 | 9.6E-06 OK|
| W-Mom | 0.00 | 0.0E+00 | 0.0E+00 | 0.0E+00 OK|
| P-Mass | 0.00 | 9.2E-10 | 2.7E-09 | 41.9 2.4E+03 F |
+----------------------+------+---------+---------+------------------+
| I-Radiation | #Its | Vol Chg | Sur Chg | %Lost %Imbal |
| Band-1 | 1 | 0.0E+00 | 0.0E+00 | |
| Band-2 | 1 | 0.0E+00 | 0.0E+00 | |
| Band-3 | 1 | 0.0E+00 | 0.0E+00 | 0.00 6.67 |
+----------------------+------+---------+---------+------------------+

+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ERROR #001100279 has occurred in subroutine ErrAction. |
| Message: |
| Signal caught: Segmentation violation |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+

+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ERROR #001100279 has occurred in subroutine ErrAction. |
| Message: |
| Stopped in routine FPX: SIG_HANDLER |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+

+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| An error has occurred in cfx5solve: |
| |
| The ANSYS CFX solver exited with return code 1. No results file |
| has been created. |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+



I'm not quite sure why the CRESLT value isn't shown...

[visitor]

I know this is an old discussion see quotation below. Question presumably one can add all bands x rays and gamma rays from sun. Is it possible to add another model of the same but just gamma ray running for about two seconds? I don't have computing access right now, so ba patient for me asking, thanks.

QUOTE=Opaque;492128]You mean there are no wavelength dependent variables in the results file. What version of the software are you using.

The minimum wavelength dependent variables you should see include:

Band Name.Absorption Coefficient
Band Name.Incident Radiation
Band Name.Radiation Intensity
Band Name.Scattering Coefficient
Band Name.Volumetric Absorbed Radiation
Band Name.Volumetric Emitted Radiation
Band Name.Wall Irradiation Flux

If you do not see those in your previous runs, you are either using an older version of the software, or the spectral model is not setup correctly. Perhaps you should post the CCL section under SPECTRAL MODEL for a given domain. I have the following with success

        SPECTRAL MODEL :
          Option = Multiband
          SPECTRAL BAND : UV
            Option = Wavelength in Vacuum
            Wavelength Lower Limit = 0.01 [micron]
            Wavelength Upper Limit = 0.4  [micron]
          END
          SPECTRAL BAND : Visible
            Option = Wavelength in Vacuum
            Wavelength Lower Limit = 0.4 [micron]
            Wavelength Upper Limit = 0.7 [micron]
          END
          SPECTRAL BAND : Thermal
            Option = Wavelength in Vacuum
            Wavelength Lower Limit = 0.7 [micron]
            Wavelength Upper Limit = 100. [micron]
          END
          SPECTRAL BAND : Microwave
            Option = Wavelength in Vacuum
             Wavelength Lower Limit = 100   [micron]
            Wavelength Upper Limit = 1.E10 [micron]
          END
        END

The following variables can be accessed via User Fortran as I explained earlier

Band Name.Wall Emitted Radiation Flux
Band Name.Wall Absorbed Radiation Flux

To access them via CEL, you should contact ANSYS support for the proper advice on how to customize/configure the software.[/QUOTE]

[Opaque]

Think about a "spectral band" as a "mesh element". You are discretizing the spectrum into finite intervals, and solving the "radiative transport equations" within each element.

You should be able to define as many spectral bands as you want. However, keep in mind that Planck's blackbody emission does not contribute much to the section of the spectrum of interest to you. I assume you are not interested in thermal effects but in radiation interactions between sources and targets.

I assume your radiation source is not gray; therefore, be prepared to create an expression of some sort to set the source to 0 outside the spectral bands of interest, and finite within.

Using either an interpolation function, or logical expression you should be able to control the time interval of the source.

[visitor]

Thanks for your reply Opaque, I will be irradiation solar ultraviolet radiation of different bands on ozone oxygen and ordinary oxygen, there should be a dis-association of molecules. Have not got round this yet but planning to make a start, don't know how fluent or cfx could performed such photochemistry yet.

[Opaque]

Originally Posted by visitor

Thanks for your reply Opaque, I will be irradiation solar ultraviolet radiation of different bands on ozone oxygen and ordinary oxygen, there should be a dis-association of molecules. Have not got round this yet but planning to make a start, don't know how fluent or cfx could performed such photochemistry yet.

Neither will do photochemistry. It is up to you to customize the software with that physics.

Do you have a mathematical model for photochemistry? Can it be added as UDF, UserFortran, or CEL?

[visitor]

I will have to write a udf with an if condition to act on ozone splitting, something like this;

λ=real;
Loop;
If ( λ=<280E-9, O2, O3);
ElseIf ( λ=<280E-9, O, O3);
EndLoop;

I don't have access to Fluent or CFX yet but something to the above where the UDF reads the value of O3 (Ozone molecule). Then action it on the basis of available If λ which is the ultraviolet wavelength, assuming that the software will take of ultraviolet scattering before it reaches the Ozone layer.

Note : for ultraviolet C class (UVC) the wavelength is smaller than 280 nm.
The DO allows for individual radiation class entering, "Number of Bands". For UVC for instance it will be from 200 nm to 280 nm.

Thanks